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LATEST PROJECTS

Justice

 

 | The Morality and Politics of Justice

In order to prepare for this exhibition we looked at different perspectives of what morality and justice is and created our own basis of what those things are to us. To get a better understanding of morality, we interviewed subjects and asked them very thought provoking questions that gave us insight on their moral compass. We turned that interview into an essay and explained why the interviewees made decisions the way they did. Taking our new knowledge and perspectives, we wrote Op-Ed articles for our exhibition to present our view on a certain political issue. We created a piece of art to go along with our Op-Ed articles to symbolize our views in a way that made sense.

I used advocacy the most on this project because I had to come up with my own view on my political issue that nobody else was doing, so I needed Ashley’s help which she very kindly gave to me. I really had to think hard about how I felt about Universal Healthcare, and even though my idea about it did change after the exhibition, I developed a fairly strong understanding of the pros of it.

I think I was the strongest in development because I really took time to think about how my images in my painting represented my ideas in my article. A specific example of this was the torn open USA and how it showed bridging the gap between the social classes in a very symbolic manner. However, I believe that my poster could have been refined much more if I was provided with more time. I think that I deserve an A because I did the best I possibly could in the amount of time that I was given. I worked very hard to provide acceptable work for the exhibition.

If I had more time I would definitely make my painting much more refined and I would have added more 3D effects to make it pop. I would have added more depth into my article to make it more solid and relatable. If we were allowed time after the exhibition to refine our article I would have changed my perspective completely and I would have said that I am against Universal Healthcare now because people I talked to changed my mind.

|Korematsu v. The U.S.A.

 

12 Angry Men

My Juror: The tall guy with glasses, #11 I believe. He originally believes that the defendant is guilty, but he goes back and forth throughout the movie until he eventually decides not guilty along with all the others. He is the one to come up with the idea to go around the table and have everyone say why they believe the boy is guilty in order to convince to one dissenting juror.


The Dissenting Juror: The guy in the white suit. He believes that the defendant is not guilty. He doesn’t want to put someone to death without talking about it and considering all the facts first. He doesn’t believe that there is a motive. He thinks that the cross-examination was not thorough enough. He got a knife exactly like the murder weapon which was supposed to be unique.
I don’t think he meant to convert anyone at first, but he really wanted to get question the facts and make sure that everything they were convicting him for was the truth. He didn’t want to just send someone to death without actually considering every scenario possible.


I honestly think that they didn’t want to put any effort into really thinking that he was anything but guilty. With that kind of perspective, I really do not believe that they should have been voting to put someone to death because they are so closed minded.


Honestly, I would be doubtful because there was little to no-counter evidence. But, I might have voted guilty because of the evidence staked up against him unless somebody convinced me otherwise. (Which I really hope somebody would)

Energy and Place and Essential Questions

Leading up to this project, there were many little projects that helped better prepare us for the essay and visual piece. Many of these projects included discovering and developing our sense of place, such as our inspiration journals in which we wrote creatively based on prompts. This not only helped us practice our creative writing skills, but it helped us get in touch with our inner feelings and access the dusty corner of our brains that is filled with raw, passionate emotions.

When I decided to write a fictional story that still reflected my sense of place, I really had to be sure that I had a complete understanding of what my true sense of place is. In order to accomplish this, I had to really think about where I feel most at home and what about nature appeals to me so much. So, I finally decided that, of all places on this planet, the Amazon Rainforest was the most appealing and exciting to me. It has everything I like about nature all packed into one rather large area. I know that, for most people, their sense of place is somewhere they know and have been to. For me, I realized that my sense of place is somewhere I want to go; somewhere that pulls at my heart strings and makes me feel happy. All in all, it was a place that is full of life, yet threatens the life of the humans that dare to pass through it.

I am most proud of the way I was able to tie my essay all together in the end. Not only was I able to provide a relatively deep background on the character for a short story, but I was able to tie in her past with the present. I felt like I accomplished creating both beautiful scenery along with an intelligent and understandable story line that comprehensibly combined my sense of place with my personal environmental ethic.

I really enjoyed the way the humanities and chemistry connected together in this project. It not only helped me gain more information on all of the different aspects of energy and sense of place, but it helped me become better at managing multiple aspects of the same concept. I liked the extensive research that we were able to do in this project because I feel like I am truly knowledgeable about all parts of this project.

Sense of Place Essay: Artist Statement

In my paintings, I really wanted to get the viewer to think about something that isn’t really a common concept in our society. I really wanted them to think about the subtle consequences that their actions now will have in the not too distant future. I just really don’t want them to over look the fact that the planet is dying, and, even though it is a slow process, it is becoming an increasingly obvious problem. I feel like the paintings clearly show this because the first painting shows a beautiful nature scene, while the other shows a nuclear bomb with a plant that is about to be incinerated. 

The entire process of my creation of my paintings was refining my original idea. I first believed that I needed to make some sort of drastic painting that dramatically effects the minds of the viewers. But, to make my paintings fit more with my ideas in my paper, I just made them simple yet straight forward, showing the difference between nature and man’s creation. It is obvious that man desires power and control, and, because of these desires, he has become ignorant and unkind to his surroundings; mankind and Mother Nature alike. So, by showing the scene of the forest, I am showing the beauty that still exists in the world today, and, by showing the nuclear winter, I am showing the potential of our future.

My biggest inspiration for this piece was my love of untouched nature. I adore the kind of nature that threatens and challenges mankind. Honestly, I enjoy the idea of a place that could kill a human; demented I know. But, if you think about it, there are few places left in this world that are threatening to the existence of humans. I also wanted to tie this idea into a place that is very interesting to me, the rainforest. I love nature, but I really love the destructiveness that nature holds.

The Heart of The Rainforest, The Soul of The Weary

Sally Burchett

The noises, mashed together in a symphony of undiscovered instruments,

besiege me as I meander through the untrodden path. The immaculate scenery causes

my breath to shorten and the rhythm of my pounding feet to beat faster. The soft

whistling of the wind tickles my ears and takes the sweat from my skin, cooling me

despite the hot climate. As I run through the dewy branches and soft ferns, the harsh

sunlight blocked from my pale skin by the majestic canopy that encases the jungle floor, my lungs absorb the immense amount of oxygen that poisons the air with its life. I anything had the ability to make someone, even the most able-bodied and tenacious man on earth, feel insignificant and fragile, the Amazon Rainforest is the place. Even as

I wander, happy in my surroundings, I know that I am an obnoxious stranger to the

sagacious, towering wildlife. The plants and animals stare at me, quite aware of my lack of knowledge of how to live peaceful alongside Mother Nature.

I come to a halt as I reach the creek with its ever-rushing waters that are filled with creatures, many of whom are likely unknown to the scientist that are brave enough

to roam these forsaken lands, such as myself. I don’t mean to compliment myself, I

simply mean to state that this territory is not for the weak, nor for those with sensitive stomachs. The poor soil, the towering trees and the radical mood swings of the weather

make for an interesting mixture of thousands of acres of authentic wilderness -- which I

consider to not only be my second home but my charity project as well -- and a peaceful

place to get a taste of one of the last relatively untouched wonders. Don’t get me wrong,

I’m not completely naive. I have been to the outer edges of the forest. I have seen the vast, empty fields of dry and infertile soil which remains when the rest does not. But, I have learned to not focus on the destruction or on the emptiness. There will always be those who are ignorant and greedy; those who believe that the vast population of species, other than those that walk on two legs and build skyscrapers, is not significant

enough to halt the killing. Instead, I focus on the moments here; the moments now. I focus on the human-less landscapes hidden away from the eye’s of the gods that rule

the rest of the planet. I focus on the beauty of the untouched and the hidden. And, when

I focus on these things, I know that there is hope. I know that, no matter what, Mother

Nature will always fight the demons that inhabit her adored planet. I set down my pack beside my tent, which is comfortably snuggled against the

forest floor, just as I had left it a few hours ago. With the moral support of the echoes of

the chirps from the tropical birds, I rummage through my gear and take out my stream flow probe. Slipping on my knee-high boots, I cautiously approach the bank of the creek. Although it is not nearly as frightening as the Amazon River, which is fiercely flowing only a few miles away, it is still abysmal. The silt from up stream infects the

creek, the water sweeping it off of its feet and carrying it away into the unknown; a place I hope to stay away from. I am unable to see the bottom of the creek, but I still know

that if I were to slip into these rivers, though teeming with a diversity of beings that can end a human life with a swish of a tail or a snap of a jaw, the bottom is where my lifeless body would slowly decay, held down by the oppressive current. But, I am conscientious and I take my time. I brace myself against the steep decline where the dirt has been eroded away over the years. I dip my fingertips in first for a quick

temperature check, still bracing myself against the wall of dirt, then I slip on my gloves. I slowly climb into the shallows of the creek and collect the necessary samples for my

most recent check in with my allotted section of the rainforest.

I am surprised at the kindness of Mother Nature. Surely, with any other stranger invading her precious land, she would exert her power and reveal the true danger of the Amazon. But, she kindly allows me to learn more about the ways of this extraordinary place, and explore the unknown realms of my fantasies. I made my way back up onto the mossy ground and set my samples into their appropriate containers after recording my results in my log book. I make my way into my tent, rummaging through my belongings, searching for a snack, only to find empty wrappers and containers void of nutrients. “It’s much too early for dinner..” I say to myself. “If only I weren’t such a pig, then I might actually be able to last a month on purely my rations.” Alas, though my stomach has no limitations, the amount of food I can carry at once does. So, I head off

into the soft light of the afternoon sun, and reach my destination about 400 feet from my camp. It greets me with the promise of a happy belly, which is provided to me with little

effort on my part. I simply peel back the bark, do a little scraping with my knife, and

voila; behold, the mighty goodness of the meal worms!

After thoroughly stuffing my face with the squishy sacks full of protein, I sit

against the tree which has aided me in my conquest for satisfaction. I sit, pondering for

a moment, and then decide to pay tribute to this being. I jog back to my camp and

retrieve my journal along with an overly-used pencil.

My roots sink; they search, they taste, they cringe. The cold feeling races up my wooden spine as the silent screams reverberate through my solid

structure. They plead, they beg, but it’s too late... It’s always been too late. We all know that our fate has been sealed by the thoughtless murderers

that have claimed this planet, our home, as their slave. The lack of respect

fills the air, clouding their eyes so they cannot see what their hands are

doing. Their emotions are locked behind lines of policemen, encasing the life

which protests the death. Their voices are silenced by the stitches of plastic surgery and nonsensical words escape their new lips, reeking of propaganda. I take a break and re-read my poem as it is thus far. I giggle slightly and realize

how off track I had become; so much for thanking the tree. All the same, I quite like the piece of writing, so, I continue on.The violence of the chop, the crunching of my bones, the aching of my core. The greed of the creature sitting inside the murderous machine stings my open wounds. I cry. No, I weep, I sob. My bark is turned into wood chips.

Children play happily in my shredded skin, not thinking twice about what

they step on.

I once again remove the pencil from my journal. I huff at the irony of my words, written on the remains of a once living tree. Despite this fact, I must let my passion run free.

Their ignorant minds shaped and twisted by the hands of their parents. The future generations are becoming blinded by the lack of Mother Nature’s scenery, which has been chopped away and melted down. A new world has

formed; a world full of the animal that once dwelled in caves and spoke in

grunts who now feed on the souls of the inferior. They now run around, their

hands full of guns and money, recklessly demolishing this life bearing planet.

I stop. I glance back at my writing as I think of my father. Even though he was a

great man who once would have given his life for his family, he has become just

another drone that follows orders without a second thought. This drone is, however,

arguably one of the most accomplished men in the paper business. He had worked his

way up the latter of the 28 story building, leaving behind a small part of his humanity

behind with each step. I do not wish to be misunderstood. After all, I do love my father,

but I am afraid all other feelings towards him fall short of significant. I do not hold him in the highest of respects, and, as he has made quite clear, the feeling is mutual. His biggest goal in life is to achieve the highest profit ever known to his company, while mine is to ensure that he doesn’t ruin my beloved nature in the process. He has just begun a new project in Peru which will eventually spread through the heart of this jungle I have poured my soul into over the past few years.

So, in my best act of defiance, I sit here. I work here. My mission is to find something; a new species, a toxin, or anything out of place in order to legally bring his operation to a screeching halt and save this precious landscape. So I work, I breath,

and I live in this beautiful rainforest my hurried hands attempt to sew a net of protection

around what has now become part of me; part of my soul. I rise and glide over to my tent, were my testing equipment sits quietly in suspense. I fiddle with the dials and the

strings, nervously procrastinating the discovery of my results. I mean, after all of this

time and all of this love poured into my work, what if I fail? Who else will step in to

protect the land of the innocent and give their life just as I have? “No!” I shout out to myself. “This is not productive thinking. In fact, I’m merely depressing myself.” I whisper with a smirk, placing one hand on my hip as if to sass

myself. So, I remove my focus from my thoughts and turn on the small device. With my

heart in my throat, I brush the thin layer of dust off of the waterproof screen as I stare

blankly into the holy lights. It beeps three times which is nothing out of the usual, yet I

am still standing still, unable to breath. The results appear on the screen and I stand

perfectly still for a few long moments more. I fall to my knees as a throbbing pain fills my body, masking to stabs of the twigs in my knees. The numbers are normal, the water

appears to be fine. I turn off the machine, disappointment aches in my stomach and spreads to the marrow in my bones. My back falls against the ground, which cradles me in moss and ferns that soothingly stroke my skin. Perhaps I’m just too far from the machines, from the poisons of the humans, to register the change. I crawl to my pack and remove my dinner in hopes that some food will relieve the ache in my gut. The smell of soup fills the air around me, and the aroma tickles my nose in attempts to cheer me up. I slowly sip the soup out of its metal container, and its warmth spreads through my veins. I lean against my tent, aimlessly staring into the tall trees that stare at me, their eyes filled with anticipation. I look away as shame flushes across my face. I pick up the petri dishes filled with samples of dirt and water and wrap

them carefully in bubble wrap so they are ready to be transported to my lab. As I look

into the sample of sand from the edge of the creek, a reflection catches my eye. I twist

my head around and my sunglasses fly from my head, hitting the ground with a thud. I stop, afraid to scare away the frog that stares at me with huge eyes. I fumble through

my backpack and remove my gloves. With a snap of the latex against my wrist, I am

equipped, and I capture the sticky creature within a soft net. He does not squirm, he

simply relaxes and allows me to trap him within the confines of plastic box. I rummage

through my tent, flipping through the pages of my book of species while simultaneously

snapping pictures of the dusty orange, purple eyed, leathery skinned ball of hope. I

reach the end of the book. Breathing heavily, I dial the numbers on my satellite phone

with shaking fingers. The rings are slow and painful, but I am strong and hopeful.

“Hello?” a raspy voice answers after the seventh ring.

“Hello, is this Charles?” I ask; my voice filled with adrenalin.

“Yes, I am Charles.”

“It’s me, Danielle.” I breath heavily for a few moments, anticipating an answer. After a long pause I continue. “I found what I believe to be a new species of frog, so I

am going to extend my stay here.” Silence fills the phone. “It’s time to call off the

project. No more machines, no more destruction. Go find your profits somewhere else,

Charles.”  I sigh as I hang up, knowing that he is unhappy. Despite my father’s feelings

of defeat, I am delighted. I am no longer weary; I am blissful.

To view the Chemistry page, please go to http://scarlettewinter.wix.com/chemprojects

Korematsu

 

Energy & Place

Artist Statement
Sally Burchett

I researched the different sides to the political issue of healthcare and studied the reasons that each side gave for their stance. Most of the arguments against universal healthcare consisted of the negative effects of having to force either the government or the people to buy health insurance. I believe that healthcare is a right that is clearly stated in the Constitution that is being violated and ignored by our government. I believe that by providing healthcare for all the government would make it clear that they are trying to bridge the gap between our social classes. I represented this in my poster by having an outline of the U.S.A. and tearing out the middle with it being stitched backed together. I used the health symbol to represent universal health care and hope for all. I used a couple facts to get people thinking about why we should provide healthcare for all. I also used a Bob Dylan quote to provoke the emotions of the viewers. I believe that my painting clearly represents the point that I make with my article.

Mock Trial Write-up:

Case Summary: Korematsu v. The United States

Sally Burchett

Background:

Fred Korematsu, the defendant, was a Japanese American whose parents immigrated to the United states from Japan in 1905. Fred was born in Oakland, California in 1919, and remained there until he was later arrested. He attended public schools and participated in various sports at Castlemont High School by joining he tennis and swim teams. Korematsu also worked at his family’s flower nursery in San Leandro, California. He encountered much racism throughout his high school career, even from his Italian girlfriend Ida Boitano’s parents. When he was called for military duty under the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 he was rejected due to stomach ulcers, and instead he trained to become a welder. At first he used his skills as a welder at a shipyard but one day found his timecard to be missing and his new lack of a job being blamed on his Japanese heritage. He lasted only one week at his next job when the supervisor returned from vacation soon after his hiring and fired him for being Japanese. He lost all employment after the Harbor on December 7th, 1941.
When the Civilian Exclusion order was issued by General Dewitt on March 27, 1942 Korematsu attempted to avoid being sent to the internment camps by undergoing plastic surgery on his eyelids and changing his name to Clyde Sarah, all the while claiming to be of Spanish and Hawaiian decent. His attempts were unsuccessful and he was arrested on a street corner in San Leandro, California when he was recognized as being of Japanese decent. The American Civil Liberties Union asked him if he was willing to to use his case to test the legality of the Japanese American internment. On June 12, 1942 Korematsu had his trial date and was given $5,000 bail which was posted by Ernest Besig. They attempted to leave, but was stopped by military police and was taken to the Presidio. On September 8, 1942 22 year old Korematsu was tried and convicted in federal court for a violation of Public Law No. 503, which criminalized the violations of military orders issued under the authority of Executive Order 9066. He was sentenced to five years of probation and sent to Topaz, Utah.

 

Majority’s Argument:
Justice Black, joined by Stone, Reed, Douglas, Rutledge, and Frankfurter.
The Supreme Court cannot confirm or deny the military’s authority when claiming that quickly separating our disloyal Japanese would be possible.
In article 11, section 2 of the Constitution it gives the President control of all military actions which can include issuing orders to protect national security, such as those present in the case.
The armed forces must take any action to protect society as a whole, not specifically the constitution.
By refusing the orders imposed on him, Korematsu displayed loyalty to the country of Japan.

Dissenting Argument:
Roberts, Murphy and Jackson.
As Justice Robert H. Jackson noted in dissent, Korematsu was “convicted of an act not commonly a crime. It consists merely of being present in the state whereof he is a citizen, near the place where he was born, and where all his life he has lived” (p. 243).
There was no evidence that suggested that Mr. Korematsu engaged in any conspiratorial activity.
There were other races, whom may have also faced racism, but were not required to leave their homes and their lives and live in a prison.
If racial discrimination were considered acceptable in this case, it would be permissible in any future cases.

Congress v. Presidential Powers:

Presidential Powers:
Commander and Chief of the US Army and Navy, deploys military, and is controller of strategies. The President also has to power to authorize executive orders, such as executive order no. 34, if they may protect the country from sabotage or enemy communication.

Congressional Power:
Declares war, funds and supports war, grants letters to marques and reprisals, and formulates rules of seizing land and water. However, during times of war, congress does not have the power to decide how a war is fought. That power falls directly on the President.

Amendments:

The 5th Amendment:
“No person shall be held... unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger.”

The 14th Amendment:
“No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. No state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

Acts and Orders:

Executive Order 9066:
President Roosevelt signed Exec. Order 9066 on February 19th, 1942, giving the military permission to enact a curfew, declare certain areas military zones, and move citizens to and from these zones. Eventually, this order cleared the way for the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.

Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34:
General Dewitt issued these orders in 1942. They commanded Japanese Americans to report to nearby Assembly Centers at which point they were then shipped to internment camps Espionage Act of 1917, Sedition Act of 1918, Alien Enemies Act of 1798, Alien Registration Act of 1940.

Espionage Act of 1917:
It originally prohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, to support U.S. enemies during wartime, promote insubordination in the military or interfere with military recruitment.

Sedition Act of 1918:
Extended the Espionage Act to a broader range of offenses:
-Speech and expression of opinion that cast government or war in negative light
-Disloyal language about U.S. government, its flag or armed forces

Alien Act of 1798:
Authorized the president to expel without a hearing any alien the president deemed "dangerous to the peace and safety" of the United States or whom the president suspected of "treasonable or secret" inclinations.

Alien Enemies Act of 1798:
Authorized the president to arrest, imprison, or banish any resident alien hailing from a country against which the United States had declared war.

Alien Registration Act 1940:
Set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow
of the U.S. government and required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government.

Writ of Habeas Corpus:
Habeas corpus literally means “you have the body” in Latin. It is the writ which requires a person that is under arrest to be brought before a judge or into a court. This insures that no prisoner can be held in unlawful detention that lacks sufficient evidence.

Similar Cases:

Schenck v. United States (1919):
Schenck v. United States was a Supreme Court case that concluded that the defendant did not have a First Amendment right to express freedom of speech against the draft during WWI and, in return, upheld the Espionage Act. The vote was unanimous.

Yasui v. United States (1943):
Yasui v. United States, was a Supreme Court case regarding the constitutionality of curfews used during WWI and how they were applied to different citizens of the United States. In their decision, the Supreme Court held that the application of curfews against citizens is constitutional.

Hiroyabashi v. United States (1943):
Hirabayashi v. United States, was a case in which the Supreme Court decided that the application of curfews against members of a minority group were constitutional when the nation was at war with the country of that group’s origin.

Final Decision:

  Defense had many counts of solid evidence that clearly backed up their case. One of their most compelling pieces of evidence was their reference of the 14th Amendment which clearly outlined the violation of the citizens constitutional rights. Another brilliant piece of evidence was their point referencing the German and the Italian citizens who were not detained based upon their race but instead had individual and more personalized investigations during World War 2. When compared to the treatment of the Japanese, it was clear that there was racial discrimination in the orders that sent them to the internment camps. The defense clearly pointed out that the living conditions in the internment camps were not acceptable with witnesses that had actually visited the camps, unlike the prosecution’s witnesses. Their last piece of compelling evidence was the information provided by J Edgar Hoover which stated that the FBI had begun to eradicate the presence of Japanese spies, and that they did not feel that The Black Dragon Society, an extremist group, was not a big enough threat. The prosecution provided strong witnesses and a strong closing statement. Their reference to the Strict Scrutiny tests clearly backed up their argument that, in times of war, the government has the right to overrule the laws of the constitution in order to protect the safety of their country. Though the prosecution’s argument was valid and their provided witnesses were strong, there was not enough relevant and condemning evidence to back up their claims. Based on the evidence provided from both the prosecution and the defense, we have come to the conclusion that Executive Order 9066 and Civilian Exclusion Order number 34 were unconstitutional.

Reflection:



In order to prepare for the mock trial project we had to gather a little bit of background knowledge. We gathered this knowledge through both lectures and professional presentations. We had both judges and lawyers come into our class and help explain the judicial system a little more thoroughly to us. Lawyers also consulted with our "lawyers" to help them gather a case to present to the judges. We also studied the original case of Korematsu v. The US (the case which we were mimicking.) Every member of each team had their own set of work to do, and in the end we all created lovely pieces of writing that accompanied our fantastic final product, the mock trial. 



Each team had a different goal that could not be accomplished without help from the other teams. The lawyers had to meet up with their assigned witnesses in order to plan how they would question them in order to benefit their side of the argument. Also, after the mock trial, the judges really had to bring it together and discuss what they wanted their decision to be. This was a hard decision but a necessary one which really could not have been made if it weren't for the input of everyone. 



Two crucial revisions I made to my Case Summary were as follows: Firstly, I changed to background on Korematsu into more of a summary than a biography. I shortened it and only kept the key details in place. Secondly, I added more case examples into the Case Summary in order to better prepare for how the case might play out. This also made my paper stronger by providing more examples and explanations for what decisions have been made in the past about cases like these. 



I personally adored this project. I played the Chief Justice and I was able to really get into my character and enjoy myself throughout the entire process. (Especially at the mock trial. I really felt like I was in charge.) I feel like I, as a judge, could have felt more prepared by studying the objection rules and standards more and actually practicing a few while going in depth. That was really the only area I felt like I was not prepared in. 

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